Speaking is a two-way process unless we are speaking to an audience we can neither see nor hear. A key skill that learners will have to master is the ability to take turns in conversations: to hold on to, …

The first step is to set out exactly what speaking skills are the object of the teaching programme. To do this, we have to answer these 3 questions (which come with a few examples of the kinds of answers …

So, for example: some milk is usually pronounced as /səm.ɪlk/ with only one /m/ sound. However, when people are being slightly more careful and speaking a little more slowly, both /m/ sounds are heard …

someone who won't hold your gaze when speaking to you is being deceptive and mendacious. To debunk this myth, try a small experiment: Ask someone to do a challenging mental task such as …

Speaking and writing are difficult skills because speaking is so immediate and puts time pressure on our learners and writing requires careful use of text staging, grammar and lexis. We need to break down …

teaching language skills this is the essential starting point what is reading? teaching reading: essentials what is writing? teaching writing what is speaking? teaching speaking speaking and adjacency pairs …

Sociolinguistic competence: knowledge of the rules of speaking – speech events, illocutionary force, address forms, turn-taking conventions etc. Discourse competence: knowing how to use and …

Paper 1 tests your knowledge of ELT terminology, writing and speaking sub-skills and language systems (grammar, lexis, phonology and discourse). Paper 2 tests your knowledge of ELT testing, the aims, …

Cohesion For the purposes of what follows and for ease of exemplification, we will focus on written texts. Don't, however, lose sight of the fact that these features occur frequently in spoken discourse, too.

I say that’s wrong 2) speak has three meanings: a) to say words Please speak more slowly b) to give a prepared talk or speech She is speaking at the conference c) to have a conversation She spoke to …